The Attributive Clause
Liu Guojun
Aims:
At the end of the class, students should be able to know:
what an attributive clause is
The functions of relative pronouns and relative adverbs
The different usages of relative pronouns
Some differences between relative pronouns and adverbs

Important and difficult points:
Get students to understand what an attributive clause is.
The different usages of relative pronouns and relative adverbs.
Some difference between relative pronouns and relative adverbs.
Accordance of subject and predict

Procedures:
Step1 Lead-in
Write down the following phrase and sentence on the blackboard:
Well-educated man
He is a man who is well-educated.
Ask students to point out and compare the composition and function of the underlined part of the Phrase and sentence.
Similarity: attributive
Difference: the former is phrase or a word and the later is sentence
↓
Attributive→Attributive Clause
Step2 Introduce something about attributive clause
The definition of attributive clause
Key words: antecedent+relative pronouns/adverbs+other elements
Relative pron: （引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语）: who whom that which whose

A: referring to a person:主：who that
宾: who whom that
定: whose
B: referring to an object:主: which that
宾: which that
定: whose
不管是人作宾语还是物宾语 关系代词都可以省略。


that 的特殊用法：
先行词为all everything anything nothing any more one等不定代词（指物）
先行词被all every no some any little much 等词修饰（指物）
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 或者先行词本身为序数词或最高级。
先行词被the only, the last, the very, the same 等修饰的时候
先行词既有人又有物
主句是以who 或which 等开头的特殊疑问句
关系代词在定于中做表语
先行词为time(次数)和way(方法)时
先行词是way 后面关系代词可以是that / in which / ( )

Relative adverb: （引导定语从句，并在从句中充当状语成分） when where why
Step3 Important and difficult points
主谓一致：
1.从句中谓语要注意和先行词保持数和时态上的一致
2. one of … 复数
the (only) one of … 单数
关系代词和关系副词的运用和区别
选择用关系代词还是关系副词，看先行词在从句中充当的成分
如从句中缺少主语和宾语，则选择关系代词
如从句中缺少状语，则选择关系副词
所以：知道是定语从句， 现看从句，看从句中是否缺少不可缺少的成分，缺少 关系代词； 不缺少 关系副词
Prep + relative pron:
A: 关系副词可以用相应的介词加关系代词来代替
B:需要加上介词句子意思才完整或者固定词组
关系代词作从句中介词的宾语:
1.介词可放关代前或从句中
一般在不影响句子或词组的含义时，介词可前可后
某些固定词组短语中，一般不拆开，介词仍应该跟在动词之后
He is the man who I am looking after.
He is the man who I am looking for
2.若介词在关系代词前,关系代词只用whom or which,不可用who or that;
所以 表人 用 prep + whom
表物 用 prep + which
C:复合介词+ 关系代词
1.When根据具体情况可拆分成：
on which
in which
at which
during which
介词必须放在which的前面。
10 o’clock is the time when our plane arrives.

10 o’clock is the time at which our plane arrives.

2.Where根据具体情况可拆分成：
in which
on which
at which
from which 等
词可放which前，也可以放在从句中
This is the hotel where I often stay.
This is the hotel at which I often stay.
This is the hotel which I often stay at.
3.Why拆分的具体情况
why= for which
Do you know the reason why he refused to come?
Do you know the reason for which he refused to come?
The reason why he refused to come is not clear.
4.关系代词Whose 也可以拆分如下：
whose在定语从句中作adj.使用，相当于所有格的his, her, its, their。
whose +n. = the + n. + of which
the + n. + of whom

Homework：
Finish the exercise concerned with attributive clause.